PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that can cause irregular periods, acne, excess hair growth, weight or metabolic challenges, and difficulties with ovulation or fertility.

PCOS is driven by a complex interplay of hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated androgens and disrupted communication between the brain and ovaries.

These changes can interfere with normal ovulation, leading to irregular cycles, and may be accompanied by insulin resistance, which further stimulates androgen production and contributes to symptoms such as acne, excess hair growth, and metabolic challenges.

Understanding these hormonal pathways helps guide treatments that target ovulation, androgen excess, and metabolic health.

Medications for PCOS target specific symptoms and hormonal imbalances. To regulate menstrual cycles and reduce acne or excess hair, combined oral contraceptive pills are commonly used, while anti-androgen medicines such as spironolactone may be added if androgen symptoms persist.

Metformin is often prescribed to improve insulin resistance and support metabolic health, which can also help with cycle regularity.

For women trying to conceive, ovulation-induction medications such as letrozole or clomiphene can help stimulate ovulation. Together, these treatments are tailored to each person’s symptoms, goals, and overall health profile.