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Cervical Screening & Colposcopy
Understanding Cervical Screenings & Colposcopies
The purpose of cervical screening is to detect early cell changes or infection with high-risk HPV in the cervix, helping prevent cervical cancer before it develops.
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The National Cervical Screening Program (opens in a new tab) aims to prevent cervical cancer by detecting precancerous changes early through regular screening.
It invites women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 74 years to have a Cervical Screening Test every five years, which checks for human papillomavirus (HPV)—the main cause of cervical cancer.
If HPV is detected, further testing is done to assess any abnormal cell changes. The program has significantly reduced cervical cancer rates and deaths in Australia through early detection and timely treatment
A colposcopy is needed when a cervical screening test shows abnormal or high-risk HPV results, or if there are symptoms such as unusual bleeding, pain, or visible changes on the cervix.
It allows the doctor to closely examine the cervix using a special microscope to identify and, if necessary, biopsy any abnormal areas for further diagnosis and treatment.
A colposcopy is a simple procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for abnormal cells or tissue.
During the procedure, the doctor uses a colposcope (a magnifying instrument) to view the area under bright light after applying a mild solution to highlight abnormal cells.
If anything looks unusual, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for testing.
The procedure usually takes about 10–20 minutes, is done in a clinic setting, and while it may cause mild discomfort, it typically does not require anaesthesia or significant recovery time.
Follow-up for abnormal cervical screening results depends on the type of abnormality and the presence of high-risk HPV.
If low-risk or minor changes are found, the person is usually advised to repeat the test in 12 months to monitor for resolution.
If high-risk HPV or significant cell changes are detected, a colposcopy is recommended to examine the cervix more closely and take biopsies if needed.
Further treatment, such as removal of abnormal cells (e.g., LLETZ procedure), may be carried out if precancerous changes are confirmed. Regular follow-up ensures early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.